Study on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Lightning Activity in High-Humidity Environments of Mountainous Regions

Lightning activity is modulated by terrain and humidity, particularly in high-humidity mountainous regions. Using lightning location data from CMA and CMA-RA reanalysis, this study examines two wind farms in Shuozhou, Shanxi (high-altitude mountainous) and Jiujiang, Jiangxi (mountain-lake). Results show that lightning in Shanxi concentrates on ridges above 1,500 m with density of 12–15 flashes/(km2·yr), versus 5 flashes/(km2·yr) in low valleys (<1,400 m). In Jiangxi, high-incidence areas around Poyang Lake lowlands reach 25–72 flashes/(km2·yr), far exceeding 10–15 flashes/(km2·yr) in hilly areas (>500 m). Humidity correlations differ: Shanxi (annual RH 40%–60%) shows weak correlation (r=0.035, p=0.914), while Jiangxi (RH 65%–80%) exhibits moderate positive correlation (r=0.451, p=0.141). This study provides a scientific basis for design and lightning protection of wind farms.