Keywords:Smart Distribution Station; SCADA; Intelligent Auxiliary Control; Four-Layer Architecture; Edge Aggregation; Cloud Operation and Maintenance; Power Factor; Capacitive Load

Aiming at the industry pain points of traditional distribution stations, such as the chimney-type independent deployment of various subsystems, prominent heterogeneous protocol barriers, inability to coordinate multi-source data, high dependence on manual operation and maintenance, and difficulty in tracing the source of power quality abnormalities, combined with the actual project of intelligent transformation of power supply and distribution in scientific research and office buildings, this paper constructs a four-layer three-dimensional architecture consisting of the perception layer, edge aggregation layer, cloud platform layer, and application terminal layer, and develops an integrated operation and maintenance platform for distribution rooms with in-depth integration of SCADA and intelligent auxiliary control systems. Through key technologies such as multi-source heterogeneous protocol adaptation, SCADA and auxiliary control business linkage, encrypted cloud transmission for remote operation and maintenance, and time-series big data traceability of power quality, full-dimensional integrated management and control of electrical operation, equipment status, environmental security, and video inspection are realized. In view of the on-site abnormal operating condition of power factor leading from -0.63 to -0.99, a mathematical calculation model of load active power and reactive power is established. Combined with the long-time-series data analysis of the cloud platform and on-site power quality measurement, the root cause of the fault is accurately determined to be the excessively high proportion of strong capacitive loads in scientific research experiments, rather than the configuration defects of reactive power compensation devices; a comprehensive treatment scheme is formulated from four aspects: optimization of switching strategy, load peak shifting, branch reactive power suppression, and online statistical research and judgment. Engineering practice shows that the platform effectively breaks data islands, realizes rapid fault traceability and remote intelligent operation and maintenance, the operation and maintenance disposal efficiency is improved by more than 70%, the comprehensive power saving rate of the station is 8.5%, and the power factor is stably controlled above 0.95. It can provide a theoretical basis and a replicable engineering paradigm for the intelligent upgrading of the same type of public buildings and distribution stations at the end of the distribution network.