Research on the Application of Portable Six-Element Automatic Weather Station for Micro-Meteorological Risk Perception of Transmission Lines

In response to the practical needs of micro-weather monitoring in power transmission channels, this paper develops a portable six-element automatic weather station that can achieve automatic observation, storage, and remote transmission of ground meteorological elements. The equipment can realize real-time collection of key micro-weather parameters such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction, and rainfall, providing decision support for meteorological risk warning and emergency response of power transmission lines. This equipment is based on MEMS microelectronic technology, integrating signal conditioning, ADC analog-to-digital conversion, microprocessor, and wireless communication unit onto a small motherboard. Relying on the embedded system and sensor data processing algorithm, it realizes timed collection, calculation, and storage of meteorological elements. Based on hardware optimization, an intelligent power management scheme is adopted, where sensors are awakened on demand and the main control module is in normal sleep mode, reducing the overall power consumption. Tests show that the equipment operates stably and can effectively serve the micro-weather perception of power transmission channels, providing technical support for power grid disaster prevention and mitigation, line risk assessment, and the construction of the all-domain perception system of smart grids.