Multi-objective Obstacle-avoidance Optimization Design of GIS Routing for Mountainous Transmission Lines Considering Geological Hazard RiskWu Hao

To address the conflict among terrain relief, geological-hazard exposure and route length in mountainous transmission-line routing, a multi-objective obstacle-avoidance method based on a three-dimensional GIS raster is developed. Slope, local relief and curvature are extracted from the engineering DEM; AHP and entropy weighting are combined to build a risk-cost raster, followed by hierarchical routing with a 5 m coarse-grid search and a 0.5 m source-raster verification. The optimized route is 2.488 km long, with a mean risk index of 0.168 and 0.162 km of high-risk exposure. Compared with the distance-priority route, route length increases by 5.07%, while mean risk and high-risk exposure decrease by 41.87% and 70.00%, respectively. The method strengthens hazard avoidance with a limited route increment and provides quantitative support for GIS-assisted routing of mountainous transmission lines.