Under Three-Dimensional Coupling: Quantitative Modeling and Practical Research on Virtual Power Plants and Energy Storage

To address the core contradiction between the intermittency of renewable energy and the insufficient regulation capacity of power grids, and respond to China’s dual-carbon goals as well as the transformation demand of “source-grid-load-storage interaction” for the new-type power system, this paper focuses on the coupled development of virtual power plants and energy storage technologies. It clarifies the three-layer technical architecture of “perception-network-application”, the resource aggregation logic of virtual power plants, and the characteristics of multi-type energy storage technologies. A three-dimensional coupled coordination mechanism of “technology-market-operation” is constructed, together with a quantitative objective function. The effectiveness of the model is verified through single-dimensional, two-dimensional and multi-dimensional simulation analyses as well as empirical verification based on domestic engineering cases. The results show that the contribution ratio of the coupling effect reaches 80%. Under the optimal configuration, the comprehensive performance of the system hits the peak with favorable dynamic adaptability and robustness. Compared with traditional coupling models, the three-dimensional coupling mechanism is proven to have distinct advantages in three aspects: renewable energy accommodation rate, system revenue level and safety stability. This research fills the gap in the existing three-dimensional coupling theoretical framework, quantifies the application effects of new technologies, and clarifies the coordinated development paths and risk response strategies suitable for China’s national conditions. It provides theoretical support and practical solutions for improving renewable energy accommodation and ensuring the safe and stable operation of power grids, which is of great significance for promoting the transformation of the new-type power system.