Capacity Optimization of a PEDF System in Waterfront Spaces with Ecological Protection and Landscape Constraints

Waterfront spaces are ecologically fragile and visually sensitive, requiring PEDF system capacity planning to balance ecological protection red lines and landscape constraints—qualitative requirements traditional methods cannot quantify. This study presents a multi-objective optimization framework that converts ecological red lines into computable constraints, quantifies landscape controls as exposure degree and visual penetration rate, incorporates landscape premium cost, and formulates a dual-objective model minimizing annualized total cost and carbon emissions, solved via the weighted-sum method. Simulations show the method balances low-carbon benefits and economic costs while meeting ecological and landscape requirements, providing a quantitative reference for landscape-sensitive waterfront distributed energy planning.