A Review of High-Frequency Loss Analysis and Modeling Methods for Planar Transformers

With the continuous development of power electronics technology, electronic devices are evolving toward miniaturization and high power density. Owing to their compact structure, superior heat dissipation, and ease of integration, planar transformers have gradually become a focal point of research and engineering applications. As the operating frequency of AC circuits continues to increase, the loss mechanisms of planar transformers have become increasingly complex, making loss calculation and modeling a critical aspect of the optimization process. Therefore, the analysis and modeling of high-frequency losses in planar transformers have become one of the current research hotspots. Based on a systematic review of relevant research, this paper summarizes the major advances in the analysis and modeling of high-frequency winding losses in planar transformers in recent years. First, the physical mechanisms of winding losses in planar transformers are discussed, followed by a review of modeling methods and their evolution, along with a summary of different optimization strategies for loss reduction. Finally, the current research status and future development trends are summarized and discussed.