Abstract: To satisfy the real-time voltage regulation requirements of 10 kV distribution networks and address the inherent drawbacks of conventional oil-immersed on-load tap changers, including insulating oil leakage, severe arc erosion, frequent maintenance and short service life, this paper develops a novel 10 kV vacuum on-load tap changer. With vacuum interrupters as its core switching components, the equipment is equipped with a mechanical transmission mechanism and an intelligent closed-loop voltage regulation controller, enabling arc-free, stable and fast tap position switching under load. This paper comprehensively elaborates the overall electrical design scheme of the tap changer, deeply analyzes the electrical principle of voltage regulation and the intelligent closed-loop voltage regulation control strategy, and builds a test device for operating sequence to complete operating condition verification.