Abstract: While lithium-ion batteries constitute the mainstream of novel energy storage systems, safety incidents involving fire have emerged as a primary constraint on sector growth. This paper investigates the automatic fire suppression systems for lithium-ion battery energy storage, reviews the current status of the relevant national standards system, including corresponding national, industry, and local standards, and analyzes the fire extinguishing mechanisms of different extinguishing agents. Three typical technical routes for automatic fire extinguishing systems in engineering design are proposed, and their differences, advantages, and disadvantages are evaluated, offering valuable insights to inform engineering practices.