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频率波动对电器设备影响的量化分析与控制研究

Research on Quantitative Analysis and Control of Frequency Fluctuation on Electrical Equipment

  • 摘要: 随着零碳园区建设的兴起,其离网运行工况下系统频率的稳定性问题日益凸显。一方面频率波动会导致电器设备运行效能下降,甚至引发电器过热、机械损伤与寿命衰减等危害;另一方面电器设备运行功率的随机波动,又会冲击系统频率的稳定性。本文通过现场实测与量化分析相结合的方法,系统性地揭示了频率波动与变频、整流、电阻性、电磁性以及异步电机设备运行功率的数学关系。基于频率波动与电器设备功率的量化分析结果,制定出一套适用于微电网的频率稳定控制策略。结果表明:1)频率波动对电器设备功率的影响与敏感度系数相关,频率敏感度系数绝对值越大,影响强度越显著。2)空调设备敏感度系数为6.845,是系统有功平衡的扰动源;送风机频率敏感度系数为1.407,是典型线性高敏感负荷;冰箱、阻性电热炉、整流器、电磁加热炉的频率敏感度系数低于0.220,属于微敏感负荷;3)基于负荷频率敏感特性,实施“分类管控、主动利用、预防与紧急控制相结合”的控制策略,能够有效抑制由高敏感型负荷随机功率波动引发的二次频率扰动,能够提高园区微电网离网运行工况下系统频率的稳定性。

     

    Abstract: With the rise of zero-carbon park construction, the stability of system frequency under off-grid operation has become increasingly prominent. On one hand, frequency fluctuations can lead to reduced operational efficiency of electrical equipment, even causing hazards such as overheating, mechanical damage, and lifespan degradation. On the other hand, random power fluctuations from electrical equipment can disrupt system frequency stability. This paper focuses on frequency stability control research for off-grid operation in zero-carbon parks. Through a combination of field measurements and quantitative analysis, it systematically reveals the mathematical relationships between frequency fluctuations and the operating power of variable frequency drives, rectifiers, resistive heating devices, electromagnetic heating devices, and asynchronous motors. Based on the quantitative analysis results of frequency fluctuations and electrical equipment power, a frequency stability control strategy applicable to microgrids is formulated. The results show: 1) The impact of frequency fluctuations on electrical equipment power is related to sensitivity coefficients, where larger absolute values of frequency sensitivity coefficients indicate more significant effects. 2) Air conditioning (variable frequency type) equipment has a sensitivity coefficient of 6.845, making it a disturbance source for active power balance; supply fans (asynchronous motor type) have a frequency sensitivity coefficient of 1.407, classifying them as typical linearly sensitive loads; refrigerators, resistive heating furnaces, rectifiers, and electromagnetic heating furnaces have sensitivity coefficients below 0.220, belonging to micro-sensitive loads. 3) Implementing a control strategy combining "categorized management, active utilization, prevention, and emergency control" based on load frequency sensitivity characteristics can effectively suppress secondary frequency disturbances caused by random power fluctuations from highly sensitive loads, thereby improving system frequency stability under off-grid operation conditions in park microgrids.

     

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