源网荷储协同下配电网充电设施接入的空间公平性评估与双层优化方法
Spatial Equity Assessment and Bi-Level Optimization of Distribution NetworkEV Charging Infrastructure Access under Source-Grid-Load-Storage Coordination
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摘要: 新型电力系统“源网荷储”协同框架将分布式光伏、配电网、电动汽车充电和储能纳入统一优化,但现有协同优化以“系统总成本最小化”为单一目标,忽略了增容投资在不同社会群体间的分配公平性,充电设施与储能资源在空间上系统性向高收入区域倾斜,低收入社区面临“充电荒漠”和“灵活性贫困”的双重困境。在源网荷储协同框架下,引入基尼系数和Theil指数构建空间公平性约束,提出“上层协同优化-下层公平分配”的双层规划模型。基于10类典型区域进行仿真验证。结果表明:纯效率导向的源网荷储协同导致充电功率GINI系数达0.731,双层模型在仅增加8%~12%系统总投资的代价下,将GINI系数降至0.28,低收入区域户均充电功率从0.015 kW/户提升至1.2 kW/户,源与荷的差异化趋势高度耦合,加剧了老旧区域的“源-荷双重缺口”。Abstract: The source-grid-load-storage (SGLS) framework integrates PV, distribution networks, EV charging, and storage. However, existing approaches neglect spatial equity in capacity allocation, leading to "charging deserts" in low-income communities. This paper introduces Gini coefficient and Theil index to construct spatial equity constraints, proposing a bi-level optimization model evaluated across 10 typical regional categories. The model reduces Gini to 0.28 at 8%-12% additional cost. PV and EV charging distributions are strongly positively coupled. Spatial equity indicators should be embedded into SGLS planning guidelines.
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