Abstract: In view of the current situation of low efficiency, high work intensity and difficulty in accurately evaluating the temperature state of equipment during manual patrol of substations, as well as the problems of traditional electric UAVs such as limited endurance, insufficient defect re-inspection capability and weak intelligent decision-making, an intelligent patrol temperature measurement and evaluation system based on hydrogen energy UAV, equipped with special temperature measurement devices and integrated with artificial intelligence(AI)intelligent decision-making is studied. Firstly, by analyzing the substation patrol temperature measurement methods and existing problems, the system function, overall composition, hydrogen energy UAV selection and temperature measurement device are optimally designed; secondly, a three-dimensional patrol temperature measurement strategy of "long-endurance coverage + precise defect re-inspection + AI intelligent scheduling" is innovatively constructed to give full play to the endurance advantage of hydrogen energy UAV and the intelligent decision-making ability of AI algorithms; finally, the designed system is compared with manual patrol and traditional electric UAV temperature measurement methods. The system not only has the core advantages of high temperature measurement efficiency and low work intensity of personnel, but also realizes the precision of defect re-inspection and dynamic optimization of patrol path through the long-endurance characteristics of hydrogen energy power and AI intelligent strategy, with significant benefits and great popularization and application value in practical engineering.