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基于智能电表双锰铜两路计量采样电路设计方案研究

Research on Design Scheme of Dual-Manganin Two-Channel Metering and Sampling Circuit for Smart Energy Meters

  • 摘要: 随着智能电表功能持续完善,开关电源由于外围器件多、成本偏高等原因在低端表计市场竞争力较差;传统半波整流阻容降压方案外围电路简单、成本低,却存在带载能力不足、两路防窃电设计需增加电流互感器导致成本增加等缺点。为兼顾低成本与防窃电计量需求,文中提出一种双锰铜两路计量采样阻容降压电路,引入“假全波”电路显著提高电源带载能力。通过理论计算完成器件选型,并借助仿真软件与工程样机进行整机带载能力测试。结果表明,该方案可以为管理单元电路与主副回路计量电路持续供电,在保留阻容降压低成本核心优势的同时省去电流互感器,具有良好的带载性能与防窃电能力,满载工况下三路输出电压纹波较小,管理单元电路输出纹波16mV(输出电压13V)、主回路计量电路输出纹波17.6mV(输出电压3.3V)、副回路计量电路输出纹波16.8mV(输出电压3.3V),管理单元电路电压纹波系数为0.12%、主回路计量电路电压纹波系数为0.53%、副回路计量电路电压纹波系数为0.51%,满足常规输出电压纹波系数≤10%的需求;同时带载能力相比传统的半波阻容降压电路提升约50%,在低端智能电表领域具有较强的市场竞争力。

     

    Abstract: With the continuous functional improvement of smart electric meters, switching power supplies show poor market competitiveness in the low-end electric meter market because they require a large number of peripheral components and have relatively high manufacturing costs. The traditional half-wave rectification resistance-capacitance step-down solution features simple peripheral circuits and low cost, yet it has obvious drawbacks including insufficient load capacity. Meanwhile, the design of two-channel anti-electricity-theft metering needs to install extra current transformers, which will further increase the overall cost. To satisfy both low-cost design targets and anti-electricity-theft metering requirements, this paper proposes a resistance-capacitance step-down circuit adopting dual-manganin two-channel metering and sampling structures. A "pseudo full-wave" circuit structure is introduced to greatly improve the load capacity of the power supply system. Component selection is completed through theoretical calculation analysis, and overall machine load capacity verification tests are carried out with simulation software and physical engineering prototypes. The test results indicate that the proposed design can provide stable continuous power supply for the management unit circuit, the main loop metering circuit and the auxiliary loop metering circuit. While maintaining the core low-cost advantage of the resistance-capacitance step-down topology, this design eliminates the need for current transformers, and delivers reliable load performance and anti-electricity-theft performance. Under full-load operating conditions, the output voltage ripple values of the three independent output channels remain at low levels: the management unit circuit has an output voltage of thirteen volts with an output ripple of sixteen millivolts; the main loop metering circuit has an output voltage of three point three volts with an output ripple of seventeen point six millivolts; the auxiliary loop metering circuit has an output voltage of three point three volts with an output ripple of sixteen point eight millivolts. The voltage ripple coefficient of the management unit circuit is zero point twelve percent, the voltage ripple coefficient of the main loop metering circuit is zero point fifty-three percent, and the voltage ripple coefficient of the auxiliary loop metering circuit is zero point fifty-one percent. All measured values meet the general industry specification that the output voltage ripple coefficient shall not exceed ten percent. In addition, the load capacity of this scheme is approximately fifty percent higher than that of the conventional half-wave resistance-capacitance step-down circuit, which makes the solution possess strong market competitiveness in the low-end smart electric meter industry.

     

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