Abstract: To study the impact of strong winds generated by high-speed trains on the side box-type substation of the tracks, this paper selects a specific model of signal box-type substation as the research subject. By constructing a simulation model of the box-type substation and a wind load model, the flow field distribution around the signal box is analyzed, and the variation patterns of wind speed around the box under different wind direction angles are simulated. Using Fluent software, the wind pressure forces on each wall surface are extracted, and numerical simulations of wind load calculations are conducted at a wind speed of 125 m/s, yielding the following key findings: At a wind direction angle of 0°, the maximum positive pressure forms on the windward side, with pressure decreasing gradually from the center of the windward surface toward the periphery. The remaining surfaces primarily exhibit negative pressure, and significant pressure differences exist between the left and right side walls. As the wind direction angle changes, the wind speed and airflow conditions around the box-type substation show significant variations. When the wind direction angle transitions from 0° to 90°, the degree of airflow separation at the junction between the windward side and the left and right side walls intensifies, leading to the formation of separation vortices behind the box-type substation. However, as the wind direction angle further increases to 180°, the vortex phenomenon weakens. Mechanical analysis reveals that the forces and moments acting on the left and right side walls of the box are significantly greater than those on the front and rear walls, necessitating targeted reinforcement of the wind resistance performance in these areas. When the wind direction angle is approximately 45° or 135°, the lift force on the top of the signal box reaches its maximum value, requiring measures to prevent corner tearing.