Abstract: To improve the inspection efficiency of overhead transmission lines and optimize resource allocation, this study conducts research on inspection path planning, addressing the inherent limitations of traditional manual inspections and the electromagnetic constraints faced by drone inspections. An undirected weighted connected graph is constructed with transmission channels as edges and bus/load centers as vertices. Based on the Chinese Postman Problem, odd-degree vertices are handled using the Floyd algorithm and 0-1 integer programming, and an improved Fleury algorithm is applied to generate a conventional inspection path that is "shortest in distance and prioritized by risk." For drone inspections, safe distances are determined through electromagnetic field simulations, hovering points are set based on camera fields of view, and ant colony optimization is used to optimize traversal paths. Verified through related examples and real-world scenarios, the proposed approach is feasible and effective, providing technical support for overhead transmission line inspections and significantly improving inspection efficiency and safety.