Abstract: The safety impact of atmospheric neutron single particle effects caused by cosmic rays on aircraft, systems, and equipment is increasingly being emphasized. Traditional safety analysis methods and reliability prediction methods are difficult to analyze and evaluate the failure effects caused by single particle effects. Taking a certain aircraft power distribution system controller as an example, the impact of single particle effects on the safety of the power distribution system is ultimately determined by identifying sensitive components to single particle effects and calculating their failure rates, combined with fault tree analysis and calculation. Based on the requirement of top-level failure probability, the impact of faults caused by single particle effects was analyzed and calculated, and it was verified that the safety protection of atmospheric neutron single particle effects is effective, providing reference for the safety design of aircraft power distribution systems and equipment.