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燃煤机组再热汽温稳态偏差诊断及协同抑制方法研究

Research on Diagnosis and Coordinated Suppression Method of Steady-State Deviation in Reheat Steam Temperature of Coal-Fired Units

  • 摘要: 再热汽温是燃煤机组锅炉与汽轮机协同运行中的重要参数,其长期稳态偏差不仅会影响再热器受热面安全,也会增加减温水投入量,降低机组运行经济性。针对某厂燃煤机组再热汽温在稳态工况下存在前后侧、左右侧温度偏差的问题,文章从现场控制方式、运行数据特征和调节滞后关系出发,对稳态偏差形成过程进行分析。研究认为,该类偏差并非单一汽温波动,而是负荷变化、烟气热源输入、尾部烟道流量分配、挡板执行特性及减温水保护逻辑共同作用的结果。基于此,提出以负荷、燃料量和烟气温度为前馈量,以末级再热汽温为主调对象,以调温挡板入口烟气温度为副调对象的前馈—反馈串级控制思路,并配合两组烟气挡板协同分配、变参数PID和事故减温水保护策略。通过建立再热汽温偏差、挡板调整次数、减温水投入量、自动控制投入率等指标,可为燃煤机组再热汽温稳态偏差治理和自动控制优化提供参考。

     

    Abstract: Reheat steam temperature is an important operating parameter for coal-fired power units, and its long-term steady-state deviation may affect the safety of reheater heating surfaces and increase the use of desuperheating water. Taking a coal-fired unit in a power plant as the research object, this paper analyzes the steady-state deviation of reheat steam temperature from the aspects of on-site control mode, operating data characteristics and regulating delay. The results show that this deviation is not a simple temperature fluctuation, but is closely related to load variation, fuel input, flue gas temperature distribution, damper execution characteristics and desuperheating protection logic. On this basis, a coordinated suppression strategy is proposed. Load, fuel flow and flue gas temperature are introduced as feedforward variables, final-stage reheat steam temperature is selected as the main controlled variable, and flue gas temperature at the inlet of the regulating damper is used as the auxiliary controlled variable. A feedforward-feedback cascade control structure is then established, together with coordinated damper allocation, variable-parameter PID regulation and emergency desuperheating water protection. The proposed method can reduce frequent manual adjustment, limit unnecessary desuperheating water use, and improve the automatic control performance of reheat steam temperature, providing a reference for the safe and economical operation of similar coal-fired units.

     

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