Abstract: To solve the problems of insufficient communication reliability and low accuracy of anomaly identification in high-frequency metering data acquisition of the low-voltage distribution area, a high-frequency metering data acquisition and anomaly identification method based on HPLC dual-mode communication is proposed. A local communication architecture with HPLC and HRF heterogeneous collaboration is constructed, and a channel-quality-oriented link scheduling mechanism is designed to realize minute-level metering data acquisition with high integrity. On this basis, electrical quantity and acquisition behavior features are extracted, an improved isolation forest is used for anomaly scoring, and a joint decision is made by combining the power balance rule of the distribution area. Experimental results show that the acquisition success rate of the proposed method is 99.6%, and the precision and recall of anomaly identification reach 96.2% and 95.0% respectively, which can meet the requirements of high-frequency metering and operation monitoring in the low-voltage distribution area.