Abstract: Aiming at the teaching deficiencies of the Relay Protection course, including insufficient visual demonstration of operating principles, disconnection between theoretical knowledge and practical training, and shortage of experimental resources, this paper takes the ratio-restrained differential protection for two-winding transformers as a research case and integrates the MATLAB simulation tool to construct a collaborative teaching framework integrating principle interpretation, setting calculation and simulation verification. The proposed framework realizes intuitive visualization of abstract protection mechanisms, addresses the bottlenecks in conventional teaching, strengthens students’ capabilities in engineering modeling and practical engineering application, and conforms to the core training objectives of electrical engineering majors under the Emerging Engineering Education initiative.