Abstract: To address the limitations of traditional renewable energy hosting capacity assessment methods in distribution networks, including single-scenario analysis, static evaluation, and insufficient consideration of operational constraints, an evaluation model oriented to “two dimensions and two states” is proposed. The model is established based on equipment and regional dimensions, as well as present and planning states, and constructs a hierarchical assessment framework incorporating safety margin, power quality, and economic operation constraints. Capacity assessment is carried out for multiple levels, including distribution transformers, feeders, and substations. Assessment models for reverse loading rate, voltage quality, harmonic impact, and transformer economic operation are developed, and the influence of photovoltaic access location and distribution mode on hosting capacity is analyzed. The results indicate that the proposed model can effectively reflect the comprehensive operational impacts of renewable energy integration on distribution networks and provide support for orderly renewable energy integration and distribution network planning.