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偏远乡村电网低电压问题快捷治理技术研究

Research on Rapid Governance Technology for Low Voltage Problems in Remote Rural Power Grids

  • 摘要: 随着我国乡村振兴战略全面推进与居民生活水平持续提升,农村地区家用电器、农产品加工设备全面普及,种植、养殖产业发展迅速,农村用电负荷逐年攀升,负荷峰谷差值不断扩大。虽然我国已完成多轮农村电网升级改造,显著提升了区域供电可靠性。但地处深山、地形复杂、住户分散的偏远村落,受线路架设条件、建设投资成本及生态环保政策等多重约束,电网升级改造工作难以同步落地。此类区域普遍存在电网供电半径过长、线路损耗大、末端电压偏低等问题,用电高峰时段用户侧最低电压仅为140V左右,严重制约村民生产生活可靠用电。针对偏远山区零散住户存在的电网低电压问题,本文结合现场负荷与电压实测数据,研制一款三档位集中式自动调压装置。该装置具备自动投切、多户集中共享、空载损耗低、户外运行等特点,能够低成本、高效率解决偏远山区低电压治理难题,可为小范围、零散化村落低电压治理提供可靠的工程过渡方案。

     

    Abstract: With the comprehensive advancement of China’s rural revitalization strategy and the continuous improvement of residents’ living standards, household electrical appliances and agricultural product processing equipment have been fully popularized in rural areas. The rapid development of planting and breeding industries has led to a steady annual increase in rural power load and a continuous expansion of the peak-valley load difference. Although multiple rounds of rural power grid upgrading and renovation have been completed in China, which have significantly improved the regional power supply reliability, the upgrading and renovation of power grids in remote villages with deep mountain terrain, complex geographical conditions and scattered households cannot be implemented synchronously due to multiple constraints such as line erection conditions, construction investment costs and ecological environmental protection policies. Such regions generally suffer from excessive power supply radii, large line losses and low terminal voltage. The minimum user-side voltage is only about 140 V during peak power consumption periods, which seriously restricts the reliable power supply for villagers’ production and daily life. Aiming at the low-voltage problem of power grids for scattered households in remote mountainous areas, this paper develops a three-gear centralized automatic voltage regulation device based on field measured load and voltage data. The device features automatic switching, centralized sharing for multiple users, low no-load loss and outdoor operational adaptability. It can solve the low-voltage governance problem in remote mountainous areas with low cost and high efficiency, and provide a reliable transitional engineering scheme for low-voltage governance in small-scale and scattered rural settlements.

     

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