Abstract: Against the backdrop of the global clean and low-carbon energy transition and the implementation of China''s "dual carbon" strategy, the photovoltaic (PV) industry has achieved rapid, large-scale development. The cleaning efficiency of PV modules directly determines the power generation performance of PV systems and the operation and maintenance (O&M) benefits of power stations, and has thus become a core link in the high-quality development of the PV industry. This study adopted a combined methodology of literature research, comparative analysis, and case investigation. It systematically sorted out the policy orientation and development opportunities of China''s PV cleaning industry, comprehensively elaborated the R&D and application status of mainstream cleaning technologies at home and abroad, and systematically compared the advantages, disadvantages, and scenario adaptation boundaries of various technologies. On this basis, the study identified the core pain points and research gaps in the current industry, and finally forecasted the future development trends of PV cleaning technologies. This work can provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the R&D and upgrading of PV cleaning equipment, as well as the high-quality development of the PV O&M industry.