Abstract: Galloping of conductors on 10kV-35kV distribution overhead lines tends to cause phase-to-phase short circuits. Traditional spacer installation relies on manual climbing, which poses high safety risks and low efficiency, requires power outage, and is constrained by terrain conditions. To address these problems, this paper designs a UAV-mounted autonomous spacer installation and removal device. The device drives the opening and closing of the gripper via a servo motor, and accomplishes conductor alignment through the coordination of a hoisting rod, a guide-rail sliding assembly and a guide fork, while relying on a vision system for remote ground control. The results show that the device can replace manual high-altitude work, support live-line construction, and be applied in complex terrains such as river crossings and mountainous areas, effectively reducing operational risks and providing a hardware solution for galloping prevention and control of distribution networks.