Abstract: This paper aims to study the stability of the boiler water level automatic control system and its optimization strategies. By analyzing the existing problems in the system, such as imperfect control algorithms, insufficient sensor accuracy, slow system response, and external disturbances, the main reasons affecting the system stability are revealed. In response to these issues, this paper proposes several optimization strategies, including the introduction of advanced control algorithms, improving sensor accuracy and stability, enhancing system response speed, and strengthening anti-interference capabilities. The research shows that by implementing these optimization measures, the stability of the boiler water level automatic control system can be significantly improved, ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the boiler.