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直流充电桩DC-DC变换器混合控制策略研究

Research on Hybrid Control Strategy of DC-DC Converter for DC Charging Piles

  • 摘要: 近年来,新能源汽车的快速普及对直流充电桩的电压适配性提出了更高的要求,因此,DC-DC变换器的输出电压范围成为设计中的关键因素。LLC谐振变换器因其高效率、低电磁干扰(EMI)以及电气隔离等优点,广泛应用于充电设备领域。然而,由于开关器件开关速度的限制,变换器只使用变频控制很难满足宽输出电压范围的需求。因此,引入定频移相控制模式,来 解决变频控制在高频段电压增益升高缓慢的问题。与传统的两电平LLC变换器相比,三电平LLC谐振变换器能够有效降低原边开关管电压应力,降低选型难度。本文研究的DC-DC变换器为三电平全桥LLC谐振变换器,为满足宽范围电压输出要求,采用变频移相混合控制策略。对于因负载扰动,引起系统动态响应慢和输出电压稳定性差的问题,本文采用了基于自抗扰控制器的控制方法。实验结果表明,所提出的控制策略显著改善了变换器的动态响应能力,提高了输出电压的稳定性。

     

    Abstract: With the rapid expansion of new energy vehicles, DC charging stations are required to operate under a wider range of output voltages, which places stricter demands on the design of DC–DC converters. Among various topologies, the LLC resonant converter is commonly adopted in charging systems due to its high efficiency, low electromagnetic interference (EMI), and electrical isolation. However, in practical applications, the achievable voltage regulation range is limited when only frequency modulation is applied, mainly because of the switching speed constraints of power semiconductor devices. As a result, the voltage gain increases slowly when the converter operates in the high-frequency region. To improve the voltage regulation capability under these conditions, a phase-shift control method operating at a fixed switching frequency is introduced. Compared with the conventional two-level LLC resonant converter, the three-level topology reduces the voltage stress across primary-side switching devices, which is beneficial for device selection and system reliability. In this study, a three-level full-bridge LLC resonant DC–DC converter is analyzed, and a hybrid control strategy combining frequency modulation and phase-shift modulation is employed to achieve wide-range output voltage regulation. In addition, load variations may lead to a slow transient response and fluctuations in the output voltage. To alleviate these issues, an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)-based approach is adopted. Experimental results show that the proposed control scheme improves the dynamic behavior of the converter and contributes to better output voltage stability.

     

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