Abstract: When large-scale distributed power sources are connected to the power grid, problems such as frequency fluctuations, voltage deviations, and abnormal currents are likely to occur. Incorporating electric vehicles into the microgrid system for unified management can alleviate the load pressure on the main power grid to a certain extent. This paper first conducts modeling work on the main power generation units in the microgrid system, covering wind power systems, photovoltaic systems, micro gas turbines, and battery energy storage, etc. At the same time, modeling and analysis are carried out for both unregulated charging and regulated dispatching modes. Secondly, for the economic operation optimization of the microgrid, a multi-objective optimization function is constructed, which comprehensively considers the costs generated during the operation of the microgrid, the costs involved in the dispatching of electric vehicles, and the costs incurred during the power trading with the main power grid. An economic dispatch optimization model for a microgrid incorporating electric vehicles is established, subject to constraints on generation unit output limits, battery energy storage system state of charge (SOC), EV charging and discharging, and system power balance. Finally, through case simulation, the operation effects of the microgrid under the two different conditions of whether electric vehicles are introduced are compared. The economic dispatch model considering the participation of electric vehicles has advantages in terms of operation costs and system balance, and the grid load can be reduced by 100～600 kW.