Abstract: As a key equipment of new energy stations, the safe and stable operation of mountainous overhead power collection lines directly affects the efficiency and reliability of new energy generation. This article proposes a flashover risk assessment and differentiated lightning protection technology based on multi-source data to address the issues of tripping and equipment damage caused by lightning strikes. Accurately evaluate the lightning flashover risk of each tower by integrating parameters such as lightning parameters of the line corridor. Combining electromagnetic transient simulation, study the effectiveness of different lightning protection measures in reducing flashover risk, and develop differentiated lightning protection renovation plans. Taking a wind farm in Yunnan as an example, the application of this technology significantly reduced the number of trips on the collection lines, reducing annual power outage losses by about 5.76 million yuan, verifying the effectiveness and economy of the technology. The research provides theoretical basis and practical reference for lightning protection design of new energy transmission lines under complex terrain.