Abstract: To address the issues of low lightning-fault location efficiency and limited functionality of conventional lightning protection systems in wind farm collector lines, this study takes a 35 kV collector line project as a case study. A collaborative system architecture integrating intelligent lightning protection and dual-ended traveling wave fault location is designed. The wave velocity self-adaptation algorithm and lightning-protection interlocking control mechanism are analyzed, and a three-layer distributed fault diagnosis and location solution is proposed. The results demonstrate that the proposed system enables rapid identification and precise localization of lightning-induced faults, significantly enhancing the intelligence level of operation and maintenance for wind farm transmission lines.