Abstract: Energy storage devices tend to experience capacity decline in low-temperature environments, and frequent charging and discharging will accelerate their cycle aging. Therefore, this paper establishes a power grid energy optimization scheduling model considering the impact of capacity attenuation of energy storage systems under extremely cold conditions, and verifies it with a typical substation as an example. The results show that this model effectively reduces the operating cost of the system and provides a feasible optimization scheme for the economic dispatching of microgrids in extremely cold regions.