Abstract: Desulfurization wastewater contains large amounts of heavy metal ions, high concentrations of sulfates, and suspended solids, which pose potential threats to the environment. Through systematic analysis of the formation mechanism of chemical characteristics of desulfurization wastewater from coal-fired power plants, a method for detecting and extracting characteristic parameters was established. Experimental results show that the concentrations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO^2-₄ in the wastewater are closely related to the operating parameters of the desulfurization system. Based on the results of the characteristic analysis, a resource recovery treatment process with membrane separation technology as the core was designed, which achieved the recovery and utilization of sulfate resources. Additionally, through multi-parameter optimization, the treatment efficiency was improved, providing a new approach for the resource recovery of desulfurization wastewater.