含高渗透率分布式光伏的配电网电压控制策略
Voltage Control Strategies for Distribution Networks with High Residential PV Penetration
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摘要: 针对高渗透分布式光伏引发的配电网电压抬升与越限问题,提出储能和光伏两阶段电压协调控制策略。第一阶段以多储能单元为调控主体,综合电压偏差、SOC偏离中值与SOC均衡度构建加权目标,在功率与能量边界及效率约束下,采用改进的粒子群优化确定储能有功出力,以在不影响光伏出力的前提下恢复电压合规并维持SOC健康与均衡。第二阶段在电压越限存在时,基于电压-有功灵敏度识别关键光伏单元,求解最小总削减的分配方案,在保证各节点电压满足安全阈值的同时尽量减小对可再生出力的影响。最后通过自建的10节点配电网络进行仿真验证,结果表明所提策略能有效抑制过电压,使储能SOC集中于中值且离散度收敛,显著减少光伏弃光量。Abstract: To address voltage rise and limit violations in distribution networks with high-penetration distributed PV, a two-stage coordinated voltage control strategy using energy storage and PV is proposed. Stage I uses multiple storage units as primary actuators. A weighted objective combines voltage deviation, SOC deviation from the midpoint, and SOC balance. Under power, energy, and efficiency constraints, an improved particle swarm optimizer computes storage active-power dispatch to restore voltage compliance without curtailing PV and to maintain healthy, balanced SOC. Stage II is triggered when violations remain. It identifies critical PV units via sensitivities of bus voltage to active-power injections and computes an allocation that minimizes total curtailment, satisfying nodal voltage limits while reducing the impact on renewable output. Simulations on a custom 10-node distribution network validate the method. Results show effective overvoltage suppression, SOC concentration around the midpoint with convergent dispersion, and a marked reduction in PV curtailment.
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