Abstract: To address the challenges posed by high penetration of renewable energy in power system dispatch, this paper proposes a distributed optimization method for power dispatch systems based on a multi-agent collaborative mechanism. Using the IEEE 30-bus system as the test case, a distributed multi-agent system architecture with "regional coordination and unit autonomy" is designed. A collaborative optimization model based on consensus theory is constructed and solved distributively using the alternating direction method of multipliers. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method improves solution efficiency and system scalability while ensuring economic performance in power dispatch.