Abstract: This paper addresses the fault location problem in small current grounding systems. By combining the application of a transient recorder, the study uses a single-phase ground fault on a 10 kV distribution line as an example to explore the waveform data acquisition strategy and optimization method of the location algorithm. The study analyzes the transient characteristics of different grounding systems, designs a high-precision waveform acquisition scheme triggered by zero-sequence voltage, and proposes an improved two-end traveling wave fault location algorithm that integrates transient energy features to effectively suppress interference from reflection waves in complex networks. The results show that the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of fault location, providing a reliable basis for practical engineering applications.