Abstract: Real time monitoring of distribution networks is a method of operating state perception that focuses on high-frequency acquisition and rapid identification, emphasizing dynamic monitoring and accurate diagnosis in complex disturbance environments. This paper analyzes the problems of response delay, recognition delay and lengthy control chain in the centralized monitoring structure, studies the construction method of real-time monitoring system of distribution network based on edge computing, designs and implements the system from the aspects of edge node configuration, network interface access, real-time data collection and status monitoring recognition, and proposes an architecture with the ability of multi-threaded asynchronous collection, local feature extraction and distributed recognition execution, aiming to form a station level monitoring path with rapid response, multi-source fusion, and closed-loop control to meet the dynamic perception requirements of distribution operation status under multi disturbance conditions.