Abstract: The efficiency and quality of substation installation processes are directly related to the level of power grid construction; however, traditional processes often suffer from prolonged construction periods, low resource utilization, and insufficient standardization. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an optimization method for installation processes based on modular design. By establishing a module coupling model and readiness-time prediction framework, constructing a multi-objective optimization function, and introducing an adaptive weight updating strategy, the proposed approach achieves shortened construction periods, balanced resource allocation, and improved quality assurance. Experimental validation on a 35 kV substation project demonstrates that the method effectively reduces construction duration and costs, while significantly improving acceptance rates and resource utilization balance.