含构网储能的微电网黑启动策略研究
Research on Black-start Strategies for Microgrids with Grid-forming Energy Storage
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摘要: 随着新能源利用率的不断增长,传统微电网的黑启动策略在新能源高比例参与下的不确定性方面存在不足。以减小传统燃油机组与提高新能源在微电网黑启动中的参与比例为目标,提出一种含构网储能的微电网黑启动策略,以柴油发电机和构网型储能系统为黑启动电源,二者分别带负荷自启动形成微网子系统,待子系统稳定运行后以柴油发电机为主参考源,通过预同步、模式切换以及功率记忆操作完成两子系统的同期并列,光伏启动后与主参考源同步并联,逐步协调功率及优化负载分配,完成微电网的黑启动过程。利用MATLAB/Simulink平台建立仿真模型,经仿真验证策略的可行性。Abstract: As renewable penetration increases, conventional microgrid black-start schemes show limited robustness to uncertainty. To reduce reliance on fuel-fired units and increase renewable participation during restoration, we propose a coordinated strategy using a diesel generator and a grid-forming energy storage system (GFM ESS), with the GFM ESS furnishing voltage-frequency support. Each source self-starts and energizes critical loads to form two subsystems; once stabilized, the diesel is assigned as the main reference, and the subsystems are paralleled via pre-synchronization, mode switching, and power-setpoint memorization. Subsequently, PV units are synchronized to the main reference, and power sharing and load allocation are progressively coordinated to complete system restoration. MATLAB/Simulink modeling and simulations demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
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