Abstract: With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the recycling and utilization of used lithium batteries has become a hot topic of global attention. Lithium battery positive and negative electrode materials (such as ternary lithium, lithium iron phosphate, graphite, etc.) contain strategic resources such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel. Their recycling can not only alleviate resource shortage, but also reduce environmental pollution. This article summarizes the current mainstream recycling technologies, including direct recycling, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, biological leaching and electrometallurgy. The various technical paths vary significantly in efficiency, cost and environmental protection. In addition, the challenges of future development are expected to be solved through technological innovation and policies, and the cost, efficiency and environmental problems need to be solved through coordinated technology innovation and policies to promote resource circulation and sustainable industrial development.