Abstract: The conventional unmanned aerial vehicle data collection method for transmission line inspection adopts a preset fixed route and cooperates with 4G communication for data collection. However, the fixed route is difficult to adapt to the changes in complex environments, resulting in inaccurate collection results. Therefore, a method for automatic data collection of unmanned aerial vehicles for transmission line inspection based on 5G communication is proposed. Firstly, the three-dimensional grid method is used to plan the data acquisition path of the unmanned aerial vehicle for transmission line inspection. Next, a channel transmission model is constructed using the line of sight fading model. Then, based on 5G communication, a network is constructed and equipped with multiple sensors and a secondary development flight control framework. Combined with network slicing technology, a 5G optimized data registration algorithm is designed to ultimately achieve automatic collection of drone data for transmission line inspection. The experimental results show that the proposed method has an area error of less than 8% when the coordinate accuracy deviation increases, and has a higher recall rate of abnormal data in different fault scenarios, providing reliable technical support for inspection work.