Abstract: This paper studies the application of an intelligent patrol robot system in a 500 kV substation. It focuses on two key technologies: equipment pattern recognition based on image matching and sound collection analysis based on vector quantization algorithm. The practical application in a 500 kV substation shows that the system significantly improves the patrol quality and has successfully detected and reported equipment abnormalities several times. Compared with manual patrol, the system has significantly improved accuracy in identifying abnormal sounds and detecting heat defects. At the same time, the system greatly reduces the amount of manual patrol work, saving 47.5 hours of work time per month, accounting for 67.9% of the original work time. In terms of economic benefits, the system can save about 11.23 million yuan directly every year and bring indirect benefits such as extending equipment life and improving grid reliability. The study shows that the intelligent patrol robot system provides a strong guarantee for the safe and stable operation of 500 kV substations and has broad application prospects.