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基于仿真数据驱动的感应电动机转子断条迁移故障诊断方法

A Fault Diagnosis Method for Rotor Breakage Migration in Induction Motors Based on Data-Driven Simulation

  • 摘要: 针对感应电动机转子断条故障诊断中数据稀缺的问题,提出了一种迁移故障诊断方法,该方法融合了小波变换与卷积神经网络(CNN)技术。首先,利用Ansys软件建立了健康和转子断条故障的感应电动机模型,采集了三相电流信号,并设计巴特沃斯带阻滤波器去除基波。然后,通过小波变换将一维电流信号转换为时频特征图谱,以提取包含丰富故障信息的特征。在此基础上,通过多次实验确定了最优的网络结构参数,并构建了一个CNN模型。该模型以时频图为输入,输出层采用sigmoid分类器进行转子断条故障诊断。为了实现模型的迁移,将仿真得到的特征图谱用于训练CNN,然后将训练好的模型直接应用于实际电动机的故障诊断,无需额外的训练数据。实验结果表明,所提出的方法能够准确识别不同类型的转子断条故障,对实际感应电动机也具有良好的适用性,诊断准确率都达到100%,验证了模型迁移的有效性。

     

    Abstract: To address the issue of scarce data in the fault diagnosis of rotor bar breaks in induction motors, this study designs a transfer fault diagnosis method that integrates wavelet transform and convolutional neural network(CNN) technology. Initially, Ansys software was used to establish models of healthy and rotor bar break fault induction motors, and three-phase current signals were collected. A Butterworth band-stop filter was designed to remove the fundamental wave. Then, the one-dimensional current signals were transformed into time-frequency feature maps through wavelet transform to extract features rich in fault information. On this basis, the optimal network structure parameters were determined through multiple experiments, and a CNN model was constructed. This model takes the time-frequency map as input, and the output layer uses a sigmoid classifier for rotor bar break fault diagnosis. To achieve model transfer, the feature maps obtained from simulation were used to train the CNN, and the trained model was directly applied to the fault diagnosis of actual motors without additional training data. Experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately identify different types of rotor bar break faults, with a diagnosis accuracy rate of 100%. It also has good applicability to actual induction motors, with a diagnosis accuracy rate of 100%, verifying the effectiveness of model transfer.

     

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