Abstract: The power output of distributed photovoltaic clusters heavily relies on meteorological conditions, which leads to significant intermittency in their power output. This characteristic has had a certain impact on the stable operation of the power grid. In this situation, the article analyzes the electrical characteristics and operational requirements of distributed photovoltaic clusters, proposes strategies such as autonomous optimization control within the cluster, distributed coordination optimization control between clusters, and integration and optimization of energy storage systems to achieve efficient and stable operation of photovoltaic clusters. Finally, through case analysis, the actual project application status is demonstrated, and risk assessment and response strategies are discussed, in order to provide theoretical support for the division, design, and optimization of photovoltaic clusters.