Abstract: Traditional battery energy storage systems experience energy loss during the charging and discharging process, while gravity energy storage systems have relatively high energy conversion efficiency, involving the conversion of mechanical energy and reducing energy loss caused by chemical reactions. Therefore, research is being conducted on the design of centralized photovoltaic power stations based on gravity energy storage. According to the distance from the photovoltaic power station, photovoltaic power data collection is carried out, and a resistance capacitance circuit is selected as the equivalent circuit model of the energy storage module to achieve energy balance of the energy storage module. When optimizing the capacity of a gravity energy storage system, the capacity is represented as an individual in a genetic algorithm. By changing the genes of the new individual with a certain probability, the optimal solution is output to optimize the energy storage capacity. The experimental results show that the energy storage efficiency and energy release efficiency of the method proposed in this paper are higher than those of traditional methods.