Abstract: To address the issues of power transmission interruption and cable performance degradation caused by faults in high-voltage cable systems, this study analyzes the relationship between the power frequency phase difference of the current at both ends of the cable sheath and the fault location. Based on this analysis, a cable fault location method is proposed. Experimental results show that the closer the fault point is to one end of the cable, the larger the phase difference of the sheath current, effectively identifying the fault section. Additionally, this method can also determine the position of cross-bonded sections and demonstrates strong fault tolerance to missing line parameters, high accuracy in fault location, and strong anti-interference capabilities, making it suitable for fault detection and location in high-voltage cable systems.