Abstract: Residential tiered electricity pricing is a tiered pricing system designed to regulate electricity demand and improve the efficiency of electricity resource utilization. With the advancement of smart grids and big data technology, traditional electricity pricing adjustment methods are no longer able to cope with dynamic changes in electricity demand. This article proposes a dynamic adjustment method for residential tiered electricity prices based on big data, combined with the optimization mechanism of time of use electricity prices, using adaptive algorithms to dynamically adjust the electricity consumption tiers of different users, aiming to further improve the efficiency of power grid operation and optimize the allocation of power resources.