Abstract: As the global energy transition accelerates, the instability issues of clean energies such as wind and solar power have become increasingly prominent, posing challenges to the economic and stability aspects of microgrid systems. This study proposes an innovative two-layer energy management framework that leverages Model Predictive Control(MPC) technology to deeply optimize the operation strategy of the energy storage system within the microgrid. Through the collaborative operation of the upper and lower layer optimization models, this model significantly reduces the adverse effects of fluctuations in renewable energy production, enhances the efficiency of energy storage devices, extends their service life, and effectively controls costs. The results of simulation experiments demonstrate that the model not only enhances the operational efficiency of the microgrid but also opens up new avenues for academic research and practical application in microgrid energy management. This research outcome is of significant importance for advancing the development of microgrid technology and achieving the economic and stability goals of energy systems.