Abstract: During the xenon oscillation process, the power distribution of the core will change, leading to fluctuations in axial power deviation. This fluctuation not only affects the thermal efficiency and economy of the reactor, but may also cause serious safety issues. To address this issue, a study is proposed on the control method of axial power deviation during xenon oscillation in pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants. Firstly, the causes of xenon oscillation were analyzed. Secondly, the factors affecting axial power deviation were analyzed with the main factors of moderator temperature and xenon toxicity. Finally, a mechanical compensation strategy was designed to achieve control of axial power deviation. The experimental results show that by implementing the axial power deviation control method during the xenon oscillation process in pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants, the axial power deviation is effectively controlled during the xenon oscillation process.